●Read the article below and summarize it in your own words as far as possible in English.
●Summarize it between 60 and 70 words.
●Write your summary in the space provided on Side A of your answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded.

Traditional farming requires vast amounts of land and is heavily dependent on unpredictable weather conditions. Recently, "vertical farming," where crops are grown in vertically stacked layers inside buildings, has become an increasingly popular solution to these challenges.

Supporters argue this method is highly efficient. By utilizing advanced hydroponic systems, vertical farms use significantly less water than conventional agriculture. Furthermore, because the indoor environment is strictly controlled, crops can be harvested year-round, which greatly increases food security. Additionally, since these farms are often located in major cities, transportation distances are drastically reduced, leading to lower CO2 emissions and fresher produce for urban residents.

However, critics point out a significant drawback regarding energy consumption. The artificial lighting and climate control systems require enormous amounts of electricity to function constantly. Therefore, the operational costs are much higher than those of conventional farms, making the final produce more expensive for consumers.

Target: Summarize in 60–70 words
● Summary Key Points
1Background (Paragraph 1): Read for the theme only
・Traditional farming has problems.
・Vertical farming is becoming popular.
2Advantages
Advantages (Paragraph 2): Combine into 2–3 points
・less water
・year-round production
・food security
・shorter transportation
・lower CO2 emissions
・fresher vegetables
↓
・use less water
・allows year-round production
・reduces transportation and CO2
3Disadvantages (Paragraph 3): Combine disadvantages into 2–3 points too
・artificial lighting
・climate control
・high electricity use
・high operating costs
・expensive produce
↓
It requires a lot of electricity, making production more expensive
4Paraphrasing
For the Eiken Pre-1 test, rephrasing the original text slightly (rather than copying it directly) earns a higher evaluation.
● Paraphrase Table
Original textSummary wording
Traditional farming requires vast amounts of land
Traditional farming requires a huge amount of land.
 Traditional farming needs large areas of land
Traditional farming needs large areas of land.
has become increasingly popular
has become more and more popular
 is becoming popular
is becoming popular
uses significantly less water
uses a significantly smaller amount of water
 save water
save water
can be harvested year-round
can be harvested all year round
 produce crops throughout the year
produce crops throughout the year
transportation distances are reduced
transportation distances are shortened
 reduces transportation
reduces the amount of transportation
operational costs
operating costs
 production costs
production costs
final produce
the final product
 food / crops
food / crops
● Model Answer
67 words
Vertical farming has become popular because it allows year-round harvesting, which improves food security. Furthermore, since these farms are located in urban areas, CO2 emissions from transportation are significantly reduced. However, critics argue that this method requires a massive amount of electricity for climate control. As a result, operational costs are higher than traditional farming, making the produce more expensive for consumers.
● Structure Check
1Background
"Vertical farming has become popular"
Key point of the passage: Traditional farming is limited by land and weather, so vertical farming has become popular as a solution.
Summary tip: Sum this up in one concise sentence using a phrase like "has become popular" or "popular solution."
2Advantages
"because it allows year-round harvesting, which improves food security. Furthermore, since these farms are located in urban areas, CO2 emissions from transportation are significantly reduced."
Advantage 1: Controlled environment allows year-round harvesting → improves food security.
Advantage 2: Located in cities, shortening transportation distances → reduces CO2 emissions.
Summary tip: Use connectors like "Furthermore" or "In addition" to combine these into one or two sentences.
Instead of copying the original wording, condense it into noun phrases such as "year-round harvesting" to save words.
3Disadvantages
"However, critics argue that this method requires a massive amount of electricity for climate control. As a result, operational costs are higher than traditional farming, making the produce more expensive for consumers."
Challenge: Artificial lighting and temperature control require enormous electricity → higher operating costs → higher prices for consumers.
Summary tip: Use "However" to signal the contrast, and make the cause-and-effect relationship (electricity cost → higher price) clear. Ending with a conclusion about the impact on consumers makes the logic very clean.