01.Preparing for the negotiation
- Knowing your needs
- Setting objectives
- Using BATNA
1. Knowing your needs
Sally: I’m a little nervous about meeting with my customer tomorrow. He’s a really tough negotiator. I want to be well prepared, but I don’t know where to start.
Jim: Well, the first thing you need to do is know your needs. What’s important to you? Think about the key factors in the negotiation and prioritize them.
Rank the factors for choosing a restaurant in order of importance.
| Factors | Ranking | Reason | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Service | ||
| 2. | Food | ||
| 3. | Price | ||
| 4. | Atmosphere |
- Hiring someone: education, experience, connections, attitude
- Being a good manager: people skills, technical skills, experience, charisma
- Buying a new house: price, location, design, neighborhood
2. Setting objectives
Another important thing to consider in a negotiation is what you can and can’t give up.
Matching
- the price the buyer would be happiest with
- the highest price the buyer would pay
- the price the buyer expects to pay
- the lowest price the seller will accept
- the price the seller would be happiest with
- the price the seller expects to receive
- top-line objective
- target objective
- bottom-line objective
- top-line objective
- target objective
- bottom-line objective
| Situation | Top-line objective | Target objective | Bottom-line objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. You are negotiating to buy your partner’s . | |||
| B. You are negotiating to sell your . |
3. Using BATNA
Your BATNA or Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement is one way you can prepare for a negotiation. Your BATNA is a “fall back” position when you can’t reach an agreement. Knowing your BATNA will strengthen your position and give you confidence when negotiating.
Track 1
Script
Liz: I’m going to ask my boss for a two-week vacation, but I don’t think he’s going to approve it.
Ken: What’s your BATNA?
Liz: BATNA? What’s that?
Ken: BATNA is your best alternative to a negotiated agreement. It gives you confidence during your negotiations. You can figure it out by following three steps. First, what are all the possible outcomes of your negotiation?
Liz: Well, my vacation could be shortened, postponed, split, or rejected.
Ken: OK, the second step is to put your options in order from best to worst.
Liz: The best one would be to postpone it, then to shorten it, split it and finally to have it rejected.
Ken: And the third step is to have an alternative plan in case your request is rejected.
Liz: I could quit the company or complain to his boss. But I think the better alternative is to complain to his boss.
Ken: So, that alternative is your BATNA. You can use this process for all kinds of negotiations.
和訳
リズ:上司に 2 週間の休暇を申請しようと思うんだけど、承認してもらえそうにないわ。
ケン:君の BATNA は?
リズ:BATNA? それって何?
ケン:BATNA とは、「交渉による合意に代わる最善の選択肢」のことだよ。交渉の際に自信を持てるようになるんだ。3 つのステップを踏めば、それを把握できるよ。まず、交渉で起こりうる結果をすべて挙げてみて。
リズ:うーん、休暇が短縮されたり、延期されたり、分割されたり、あるいは却下されたりするかもしれないわね。
ケン:OK。2 つ目のステップは、その選択肢を「最良」から「最悪」の順に並べるんだ。
リズ:一番良いのは延期、次に短縮、分割、そして最後に却下ね。
ケン:そして 3 つ目のステップは、もし要求が却下された場合に備えて、代替案を用意することです。
リズ:会社を辞めるか、彼の上司に苦情を言うかですね。でも、より良い選択肢は上司に苦情を言うことだと思います。
ケン:つまり、その選択肢があなたの BATNA です。このプロセスは、あらゆる種類の交渉に活用できます。
Figure out your BATNA.
- Negotiating with HR to receive financial support for English lessons.
- Negotiating with your boss for an extension on a deadline for a project.
- Think of your own example.
4. Putting it all together
Role A: customer
You are at a second-hand store shopping for a used watch. You see a watch that you like, but there is no price tag on it. You’ve seen similar new models of the same watch for about $5,000. The watch looks a little dirty, but you can’t find any major damage on it. You only have $1,000 in cash, but you also have a credit card. Set your three objectives, create your BATNA, and negotiate with the sales clerk for the watch.
Role B: sales clerk
You work at a second-hand store. A wealthy-looking customer seems very interested in one of the watches on display. The watch is about five years old, but it’s in perfect condition. A brand-new one of the same kind sells for about $6,000. You don’t have a price tag on the watch, but you think it’s valued at about $3,500. You are willing to give a bigger discount for cash purchases. Set your three objectives, create your BATNA, and negotiate with the customer.
When preparing for your negotiation, make sure you know what you want, what you don’t want, and what you can give.
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